💘Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects the way the body processes glucose (sugar), the main source of energy for the body's cells. Glucose is regulated in the bloodstream by a hormone called insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. In diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin properly, resulting in high levels of glucose in the bloodstream.
There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, people with Type 1 diabetes must take daily insulin injections to regulate their blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. This type of diabetes is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of the disease.
The symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes can include increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, and frequent infections. A diagnosis of diabetes is usually made through a combination of a fasting blood sugar test and an oral glucose tolerance test.
Treatment for diabetes involves managing blood sugar levels to prevent complications and slow the progression of the disease. This can be done through a combination of lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, as well as medications or insulin therapy. A healthy diet for people with diabetes should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein, while limiting processed and high-fat foods, added sugars, and alcohol. Regular exercise can also help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels.
In addition to medications and lifestyle changes, people with diabetes also need to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels and take steps to prevent complications. This may include regular check-ups with a healthcare provider, monitoring for and treating high or low blood sugar episodes, and regular foot, eye, and dental exams.
Complications of uncontrolled diabetes can include heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, kidney damage, and vision loss. People with diabetes need to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition and prevent complications. With proper treatment and management, however, people with diabetes can lead healthy and active lives.
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