哥倫比亞大學的Eric Kendel是研究「記憶」的先驅，並於2000年藉之而獲得諾貝爾醫學及生理學獎。1966年，一位挪威學者Terje Lomo進一步發現LTP的現象。Lomo先把大鼠大腦的海馬區切出，在其中，先將一邊（叫Perforant Pathway）通電，之後，觀察到另一邊（叫Dentate Gyrus），出現了一種比一般神經訊息更長久的電位反應，他稱之為LTP。反覆研究下去，他在1973年與門生Tim Bliss一起發表了LTP理論，指出LTP是大腦在建立記憶中的一個過程。在最近出版的《科學》學報，一組麻省理工的學者，證明大鼠在學習（逃避電擊）時，大腦的神經通訊中出現了LTP，着牠要將電擊經驗記在腦中（Science Vol.313 pp.1093-1096）。在同一份刊物上，另一組在紐約州立大學的學者報道，曾用一段叫ZIP的蛋白質，成功抹去大鼠剛建立的記憶（Science Vol.313 pp.1141-1144）。顧小培
有一個中草藥叫千層塔（Huperzia Serrata），其中一個叫Huperzina A的成分能抑制身體清除乙醯膽鹼（Acetylcholine）的能力，增加記憶。香港科技大學的學者正致力想把Huperzina A改良為抗癡呆的藥。理論上，循另一方向，Huperzina A亦可改作抑制LTP之用，將記憶抹去。顧小培
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Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the central and peripheral nervous system. It is involved in many functions, including muscle contraction, learning and memory, and regulation of heart rate and breathing.
ACh is synthesized and released by nerve cells, or neurons, and acts on target cells such as muscle fibers or other neurons. It acts by binding to specific receptors on the target cell's membrane and triggering a response. There are two main types of ACh receptors, the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, each with different functions and properties.顧小培
In the peripheral nervous system, ACh acts as a chemical messenger between neurons and muscles. It is responsible for transmitting the nerve impulses that cause muscle contraction. In the central nervous system, ACh is involved in processes such as learning and memory, attention, and regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
ACh deficiency has been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Drugs that target the ACh system are used in the treatment of these and other neurological conditions.
顧小培
In conclusion, acetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter with multiple functions in both the central and peripheral nervous system, and its role in various physiological processes has made it an important target for therapeutic intervention in several diseases.
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