🐁 有一個病叫「多樣性硬化」(Multiple Sclerosis,MS)顧小培

🐁身體中的免疫系統可全不懂得「投鼠忌器」的道理。有一個病叫「多樣性硬化」(Multiple Sclerosis,MS),病因源自患者神經細胞的「觸鬚」(Axon)出了問題。具體的情況是,免疫細胞攻擊Axon的保護層(叫「髓鞘」Myelin Sheath)。結果,Axon失去功能,神經細胞也因而衰退,無法傳遞神經訊息;患者的身體機能於是逐一衰敗,最終整個人癱瘓下來。為什麼免疫細胞會攻擊髓鞘?答案是「投鼠不忌器」,以致「殃及池魚」。根據學者目前的解釋,誘發免疫系統攻擊的,有可能是三種「鼠」,免疫系統想要「投」它,但不知道須顧「忌」傷及神經髓鞘這個「器」。三者包括衣原體(Chlamydia)、疱疹病毒和Epstein Barr病毒(EBV)。假如MS真的是與病毒有關,那麼,想辦法將潛伏在髓鞘的病毒殺死,不也就能治療MS嗎?這要先稍稍解釋。免疫系統有「先天」(Innate)和「後天」(Adaptive)兩種免疫反應。「先天免疫反應」是與生俱來的。如果身體中有病毒入侵,在幾小時內馬上會有免疫先天反應,免疫細胞趨前攻擊病毒,用的「武器」包括甲型干擾素、乙型干擾素。干擾素只對付病毒,不會傷害那些窩藏病毒的細胞,因此不會有「投鼠忌器」的問題。另一方面,身體的「後天免疫反應」則是需「訓練出來」的,最少要經十多天的訓練和起動,才能發功;再者,在攻擊中並會傷害到窩藏病毒的細胞。在2003年的沙士瘟疫中,醫生用「類固醇」抑制病人的後天免疫反應,不讓它「投鼠」(殺病毒)時傷到「器」(令肺纖維化),而是由先天免疫反應發揮作用,將沙士病毒殺死。有一個叫蘋菓果膠的補健食品,能加強先天免疫的干擾素(Int. J. Cancer, Vol.24, pp.314-318),同時透過提升一個叫Indoleamine Dioxygenase的酵素,將「具破壞力」的後天免疫反應抑制下來。
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, specifically the myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. When myelin is damaged, it disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, leading to a wide range of symptoms including muscle weakness, difficulty with coordination and balance, vision problems, and changes in sensation or feeling. MS is typically diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 50, and it is more common in women than in men.

The exact cause of MS is still unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is no cure for MS, but there are a number of treatments available to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These treatments include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with MS, it's important to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan. With the right support and care, people with MS can lead full and active lives.


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