千古之下
每一個文化體系,都是經過很多人,一代傳一代,經年累月地積聚而成的。在萬千百年後,各自發揚光大,各自精采;但彼此之間,也會是愈走愈遠,以致格格不入。西方人看我們中國儒家的理念、醫學的道理,往往會是排斥,起碼有不少人對之大惑不解;原因之一是,他們的思想另走一途,曾經經過一些哲學家用「務實」的方法理順,像是砌牆,一塊磚穩穩固固地放在另一塊磚的上面;你先放一塊,我接着放第二塊,逐漸把牆疊高,再而伸展開去,成為各式各樣的建築物。我們則有我們的一套,雖然天馬行空,但此馬乃是有羈絆的馬,其中自有其深邃的道理,並非空中樓閣。西方注重的是「方法論」(Methodology),每一樣事物要看得真切,從而求出其中劃一的理念,再而取其精髓,得到的,乃是「定律」;其後再三求證,令定律的基礎穩如泰山;之後才能像上述「砌牆」的例子般,把某一種「學問」建立起來。他們視一些「非如此」的想法為異端邪說,追求的是實務,缺乏了精神方面的依仗;在後者中,能緊緊抱着不放的,主要只是宗教思想,以基督教的教條教理出之。生為中國人,生命其實是可以比其他人精采得多:我們要學習西方的「方法」並不難,但祖先留下來給我們的東西,他們可是難窺堂奧。外國當然也有不少人嚮往中國文化中的大千世界,設法走進來看一看,於是眼界大開。我這樣說,並不是獨尊中國的一套,只是感到西方唯物論和實利主義(Materialism)之不足而已。
我們試看其他種族人等的思想,不少是另闢蹊徑,各有千秋的。譬如來自印度的佛教教理,孔子(儒)和老子(道)如能重生,見之也可能會肅然起敬。在非洲一些地方,傳統的智慧對「時間」和「事物」的互動,有一個很獨特的看法,與一般東西方的思想大異其趣。他們用兩個字來形容,一是Sasha,另一是Zamani。先說這兩個字在「時間」方面的概念。Sasha所指的,可以勉強解釋為「目前」,但不單單是說「現在」,也包括不久前的「過往」和快要來到的一小段將來;Zamani則是無窮無盡的「從前」。為什麼要這樣分?因為我們所「掛慮」(feel concerned)的,只是Sasha;反過來說,若Sasha隱入了Zamani之後,會是從此消失,無影無蹤。在「事物」來說,所有東西都有一天從Sasha的景況去到Zamani的歸宿,於是灰飛煙滅。舉一個例,我小時候見過我的外祖母,但當時太小,已沒有記憶,現在留下來的,只是她碩果僅存的一張照片。到了我的下一代,他們只知曾有這樣的一個人,生了我媽媽,再而有我們兄弟姊妹,但毫無印象。待那照片不見了之時,我外祖母已進入Zamani,再也無從稽考。非洲人這個理念,內中甚有道理。一個人營營役役,到頭來終會去到Zamani的境地;另一方面,縱然是能留在Sasha之中長久一些,卻又如何?
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人工智能研究中風後治療方法
中風(腦卒中)是一種常見的腦血管疾病,由於腦血管阻塞或破裂引起腦部缺氧、缺血和神經細胞死亡,導致患者出現各種不同的臨床癥狀。中風後的治療方法包括康覆治療、藥物治療和手術治療等多種方式,人工智能在中風後治療方法的研究和應用主要包括以下幾個方面:
精準診斷:利用人工智能技術,可以根據多種醫學影像數據,如磁共振成像(MRI)、計算機斷層掃描(CT)等,對中風的病情進行精準診斷,幫助醫生更快速、準確地制定治療方案。
康覆治療:人工智能技術可以在康覆治療中幫助醫生評估患者的病情,制定更合適的康覆計劃,監測康覆進展並提供個性化的康覆建議。例如,通過傳感器和運動追蹤器,人工智能可以監測患者的動作,提供實時反饋和指導,幫助患者恢覆語言、認知和肌肉功能等。
藥物治療:人工智能技術可以通過分析大量的病例數據和藥物研究數據,為醫生提供更好的藥物選擇和劑量管理方案,從而提高藥物治療的效果和減少副作用。
手術治療:對於需要手術治療的中風患者,人工智能可以協助醫生制定手術方案,提高手術的安全性和準確性。
總之,人工智能在中風後治療方法的研究和應用具有廣泛的前景,可以幫助醫生更好地診斷和治療中風患者,提高患者的生活質量和康覆效果。
what is cholesterol ?
Cholesterol is a type of fat-like substance that is found in the bloodstream and in all of your body's cells. It is a crucial component of cell membranes and helps your body produce hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D. Cholesterol is also necessary for good health, but too much of it in your bloodstream can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke.
Cholesterol is transported in your bloodstream by lipoproteins, which are particles made up of fat and protein. There are two main types of lipoproteins: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can build up in the walls of your arteries, forming a substance called plaque. Over time, plaque can narrow the arteries, making it difficult for blood to flow through them. If a blood clot forms and blocks an artery, it can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it back to the liver, where it is broken down and eliminated from the body.
The ideal cholesterol levels vary depending on a number of factors, including age, gender, and overall health. Generally, total cholesterol levels should be less than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), with LDL levels less than 100 mg/dL and HDL levels above 40 mg/dL for men and above 50 mg/dL for women.
There are a number of factors that can affect your cholesterol levels, including:
Diet: A diet that is high in saturated and trans fats can increase your cholesterol levels.
Weight: Being overweight or obese can increase your cholesterol levels.
Physical activity: Regular exercise can help to lower your cholesterol levels.
Age: As you get older, your cholesterol levels may increase.
Family history: If you have a family history of high cholesterol, you may be more likely to develop high cholesterol yourself.
Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and liver disease, can affect your cholesterol levels.
To reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke, it is important to maintain healthy cholesterol levels. This can be achieved through lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular exercise. If lifestyle changes alone are not enough to bring your cholesterol levels under control, your doctor may prescribe cholesterol-lowering medication.
In conclusion, cholesterol is a type of fat-like substance that is found in the bloodstream and in all of your body's cells. It is necessary for good health, but too much of it in your bloodstream can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke. The ideal cholesterol levels vary depending on a number of factors, including age, gender, and overall health. Maintaining healthy cholesterol levels can be achieved through lifestyle changes and, if necessary, cholesterol-lowering medication.